Modelling Approaches to Understand Salinity Variations in a Highly Dynamic Tidal River: The Case of the Shatt al-Arab River

4.2 Results of salinity analysis -- 4.2.1 Salinity variations along the SAR -- 4.2.2 Salinity dynamics at a monthly time scale -- 4.2.3 Daily and hourly salinity changes -- 4.2.4 Upstream and downstream relationships -- 4.2.5 Salinity changes from upstream to downstream -- 4.3 Discussion: factors governing the salinity variations -- 4.3.1 Salinity changes within reach R1 -- 4.3.2 Salinity changes within reach R2 -- 4.3.3 Salinity changes within reaches R3 and R4 -- 4.3.4 Seawater intrusion length -- 4.4 The salinity levels and implications for the users -- 4.5 Conclusions and recommendations -- 5: ANALYTICAL APPROACH FOR PREDICTING OF SEAWATER INTRUSION -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Theory of the analytical model -- 5.3 Salinity modelling -- 5.3.1 Geometric characteristics -- 5.3.2 Vertical salinity profile -- 5.3.3 Longitudinal salinity profile -- 5.3.4 The predictive model -- 5.4 Conclusions -- 6: IMPACTS OF COMBINED SALINITY SOURCES ON THE WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Material and method -- 6.2.1 Available data -- 6.2.2 Model set-up -- 6.2.4 Boundary conditions -- 6.2.5 Model calibration -- 6.2.6 Management scenarios -- 6.3 Results and discussion -- 6.3.1 Managing seawater intrusion -- 6.3.2 Managing seasonal variation -- 6.3.3 Impact of barrier construction -- 6.4 Conclusions -- 7: IMPACTS OF DRAINAGE WATER AND TIDAL INFLUENCE ON THE WATER ALLOCATION STRATEGIES -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Model development -- 7.2.1 The simulation model -- 7.2.2 The optimization model -- 7.2.3 Coupling of optimization and simulation models -- 7.3 Results -- 7.3.1 Simulation-based optimization -- 7.3.2 The optimal solution -- 7.3.3 System performance -- 7.4 Conclusions and recommendations -- 8: SYNTHESIS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 8.1 Water availability and demand -- 8.2 Water quality deterioration and the consequent impacts